IP Address ?
- Administrator가 할당한 레이어 3의 논리적 주소 (Mac Address는 Network Interface Card에 부여된 물리적 주소)
- 네트워크에 있는 장비를 특정하기 위해 사용
RFC (Request For Comments) 1918 Addresses
- private ip 를 사용하기로 약조된 공간 (internet standard)
IPv4
- 32 bit 길이의 식별자 (8bit * 4) --> 4개의 octet
- 0.0.0.0 ~ 255.255.255.255
- Layer 3 or network layer protocol
- connectionless protocol (no sessions)
- packets treated independantly --> may take different paths like Load Balancing, Bandwidth, Hopcount
- Hierarchical addressing structure (network and host portion)
- no guarantee of packet delivery (only gives best effort delivery of packets)
- no data recovery features in IP
* UDP doesn't retransmit packet
* TCP ability to retransmit missing packet (connection oriented)
* before any data is transmitted using TCP go through three-way handshake
1) transmitter sends SYN(synchronization message) to the reciever
2) reciever sends SYN-Ack(acknowledge) to the transmitter
3) transmitter sends Ack to the reciever
IP address format
- Network Address portion
: identifies a specific network (router)
- Host Address portion
: identifies a specific endpoint on a network (servers, printers, ...)
Address classes
- Class A
- unicast
- start with a binary 0
- Exceptions : 127.0.0.1(for loopback), 0.1.1.1(for default network)
- binary range : 0.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.255 (actual range : 1.0.0.0 to 126.255.255.255)
- 8bits network
- Class B
- unicast
- start with binary 10
- binary range : 128.0.0.0 to 191.255.255.255
- 16bits network
- Class C
- unicast
- starts with binary 110
- binary range : 192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.255
- 24bits network
- Class D
- multicast
- starts with binary 1110
- binary range : 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255
- Class E
- reserved for future or experimental purposes
- starts with binary 1111
- binary range : 240.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255
* IPv4 address classes was replaced by CIDR
* IPv6 does not use address classes
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